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Since this property has received funding in part through the Low Income Housing Tax Credit program, a certain number of units are set aside for lower income households. Households must earn either less than 50% or 60% of the area median income (depending on the set-aside option chosen by the property owner) to qualify for these units. Rents in these units are capped at a maximum of 30% of the set-aside area median income . Some rental units in this property may not be subject to LIHTC and therefore have higher rents and no maximum household income requirement.
ApartmentHomeLiving.com's new Interactive Property Map allows you to see where every available unit is located at this community. You might be able to get out and walk when living in this area. Some errands can be accomplished on foot, but for others you’ll need a car.
More than two million people in America rely on public housing to provide a home for their families, and there are at least a half million waiting for a safe... If you wish to provide additional information about CREIGHTON STOREY HOMES, please fill in the form below. Please note that the information provided here will be posted publicly on this page. If you have privacy or any other concerns about the information on this page, please use this link to the contact form.
Ratings are on scale of 1 and to 10 and can include test scores, college readiness, academic progress, advanced courses, equity, discipline and attendance data. We also advise parents to visit schools, consider other information on school performance and programs, and consider needs as part of the school selection process. Ratings are on a scale of 1 to 10 and can include test scores, college readiness, academic progress, advanced courses, equity, discipline and attendance data. We also advise parents to visit schools, consider other information on school performance and programs, and consider family needs as part of the school selection process.
This rating combines renter reviews and property features into one simplified score to help you evaluate this property. Factors that influenced these ratings include building design, construction, exterior spaces, and amenities. View or order a free directory for your location now.
This apartment community was built in 2007 and has 3 stories with 128 units. Creighton Storey Homes is located in Albany, New York in the zip code. Creighton Storey Homes has 3 parks within 0.9 miles, including Historic Cherry Hill, New York State Museum, and Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area.
Living in Capitol Hill provides easy access to Albany International, located just 22 minutes from Creighton Storey Homes Apartments. Recreational activities near Creighton Storey Homes Apartments are plentiful. Discover 5 parks within 8.6 miles, including New York State Museum, Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area, and Audubon Center at Knox Farm State Park. Shoppers will appreciate Creighton Storey Homes Apartments proximity to Delaware Plaza, City Square Plaza, and Mt Hope Commons At Albany. Delaware Plaza is 1.3 miles away, and City Square Plaza is within a 25 minutes walk.
Creighton Storey Homes provides outdoor grills around the neighborhood, so you can dine al-fresco when the weather is nice. If you have some guests over, they can easily find street parking. Residents, on the other hand, have a parking lot in the complex. Newly renovated interiors give the apartments an updated style that is sure to impress.
Housing Authority - Creighton Storey Homes is located at 158 3Rd Ave Ste 1 in Second Avenue - Albany, NY - Albany County and is a business specialized in Government. Housing Authority is listed in the categories Housing Authority and Administration Of Housing Programs. After you do business with Housing Authority, please leave a review to help other people and improve hubbiz. Also, don't forget to mention Hubbiz to Housing Authority. If you're in the market for a new apartment in Albany, NY, give the apartments at Creighton Storey Homes a shot.
Affordable Housing Online is not affiliated with any housing authority or apartment community, and does not manage any affordable housing programs. Creighton Storey Homes is located in Capitol Hill in the city of Albany. Here you’ll find three shopping centers within 1.4 miles.
There are also five parks within 8.6 miles, including New York State Museum, Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area, and Audubon Center at Knox Farm State Park. As its name suggests, the Capitol Hill neighborhood is adjacent to the New York State Capitol in the heart of Downtown Albany. Living in Capitol Hill places residents just steps away from the Hudson River and some of the city’s best restaurants, bars, nightclubs, entertainment, and shopping options. As you take a stroll through the neighborhood, the grand architecture of the 18th and 19th centuries is on full display. Capitol Hill has a variety of apartments, condos, and townhomes available for rent.
By clicking above, you agree we may pass along your info so this property or the property’s affiliates can email, call, text, or autodial you to follow up and for any purpose. You also agree to Apartmentfinder.com’s Privacy Statement and Terms of Service. 28% of apartment shoppers plan to spend at least 1-2 months in their apartment search.
Creighton Storey Homes has 3 shopping centers within 2.7 miles. The miles and minutes will be for the farthest away property. Creighton Storey Homes has 3 shopping centers within 1.4 miles, which is about a 4-minute drive. This dataset includes 27 thousands educational institutions that are currently registered in New York State, through the New York State Education Department , Office of Information and Reporting Services. Each school is registered with institution ID, legal name, institution type, locatioin, ceo, phone number, etc. Veggie Mobile-Creighton Storey Homes is a community farmers market registered with New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets.
If you wish to provide additional information about Veggie Mobile-Creighton Storey Homes, please fill in the form below. Wellness.com does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment nor do we verify or endorse any specific business or professional listed on the site. Wellness.com does not verify the accuracy or efficacy of user generated content, reviews, ratings or any published content on the site. Use of this website constitutes acceptance of the Terms of Use. Contact Creighton Storey Homes to discuss your retirement living needs in the Albany, NY area at or schedule an appointment to visit the facility located at 3rd Ave, Albany, NY 12202. Please complete form to access this search area content.
Creighton Storey Homes is an apartment community located in Albany County and the ZIP Code. This area is served by the Albany City attendance zone. Tens of millions of individuals and families in the United States do not have access to an affordable or livable home.
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Creighton Storey Homes has 3 shopping centers within 2.7 miles. The miles and minutes will be for the farthest away property. Creighton Storey Homes has 3 shopping centers within 1.4 miles, which is about a 4-minute drive. This dataset includes 27 thousands educational institutions that are currently registered in New York State, through the New York State Education Department , Office of Information and Reporting Services. Each school is registered with institution ID, legal name, institution type, locatioin, ceo, phone number, etc. Veggie Mobile-Creighton Storey Homes is a community farmers market registered with New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets.
Located in a quiet neighborhood, you can spend your time at home away from the usual hustle and bustle. The ratings are based on a comparison of test results for all schools in the state. The area around this property has good transit with many nearby transportation options.
Affordable Housing Online is not affiliated with any housing authority or apartment community, and does not manage any affordable housing programs. Creighton Storey Homes is located in Capitol Hill in the city of Albany. Here you’ll find three shopping centers within 1.4 miles.
Ratings are on scale of 1 and to 10 and can include test scores, college readiness, academic progress, advanced courses, equity, discipline and attendance data. We also advise parents to visit schools, consider other information on school performance and programs, and consider needs as part of the school selection process. Ratings are on a scale of 1 to 10 and can include test scores, college readiness, academic progress, advanced courses, equity, discipline and attendance data. We also advise parents to visit schools, consider other information on school performance and programs, and consider family needs as part of the school selection process.
Living in Capitol Hill provides easy access to Albany International, located just 22 minutes from Creighton Storey Homes Apartments. Recreational activities near Creighton Storey Homes Apartments are plentiful. Discover 5 parks within 8.6 miles, including New York State Museum, Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area, and Audubon Center at Knox Farm State Park. Shoppers will appreciate Creighton Storey Homes Apartments proximity to Delaware Plaza, City Square Plaza, and Mt Hope Commons At Albany. Delaware Plaza is 1.3 miles away, and City Square Plaza is within a 25 minutes walk.
This apartment community was built in 2007 and has 3 stories with 128 units. Creighton Storey Homes is located in Albany, New York in the zip code. Creighton Storey Homes has 3 parks within 0.9 miles, including Historic Cherry Hill, New York State Museum, and Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area.
By clicking above, you agree we may pass along your info so this property or the property’s affiliates can email, call, text, or autodial you to follow up and for any purpose. You also agree to Apartmentfinder.com’s Privacy Statement and Terms of Service. 28% of apartment shoppers plan to spend at least 1-2 months in their apartment search.
There are also five parks within 8.6 miles, including New York State Museum, Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area, and Audubon Center at Knox Farm State Park. As its name suggests, the Capitol Hill neighborhood is adjacent to the New York State Capitol in the heart of Downtown Albany. Living in Capitol Hill places residents just steps away from the Hudson River and some of the city’s best restaurants, bars, nightclubs, entertainment, and shopping options. As you take a stroll through the neighborhood, the grand architecture of the 18th and 19th centuries is on full display. Capitol Hill has a variety of apartments, condos, and townhomes available for rent.
More than two million people in America rely on public housing to provide a home for their families, and there are at least a half million waiting for a safe... If you wish to provide additional information about CREIGHTON STOREY HOMES, please fill in the form below. Please note that the information provided here will be posted publicly on this page. If you have privacy or any other concerns about the information on this page, please use this link to the contact form.
If you wish to provide additional information about Veggie Mobile-Creighton Storey Homes, please fill in the form below. Wellness.com does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment nor do we verify or endorse any specific business or professional listed on the site. Wellness.com does not verify the accuracy or efficacy of user generated content, reviews, ratings or any published content on the site. Use of this website constitutes acceptance of the Terms of Use. Contact Creighton Storey Homes to discuss your retirement living needs in the Albany, NY area at or schedule an appointment to visit the facility located at 3rd Ave, Albany, NY 12202. Please complete form to access this search area content.
Needs to review the security of your connection before proceeding. Creighton Storey Homes has 5 parks within 8.6 miles, including New York State Museum, Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area, and Audubon Center at Knox Farm State Park. Creighton Storey Homes is near Albany International, located 11.1 miles or 22 minutes away.
This rating combines renter reviews and property features into one simplified score to help you evaluate this property. Factors that influenced these ratings include building design, construction, exterior spaces, and amenities. View or order a free directory for your location now.
Creighton Storey Homes is an apartment community located in Albany County and the ZIP Code. This area is served by the Albany City attendance zone. Tens of millions of individuals and families in the United States do not have access to an affordable or livable home.
Since this property has received funding in part through the Low Income Housing Tax Credit program, a certain number of units are set aside for lower income households. Households must earn either less than 50% or 60% of the area median income (depending on the set-aside option chosen by the property owner) to qualify for these units. Rents in these units are capped at a maximum of 30% of the set-aside area median income . Some rental units in this property may not be subject to LIHTC and therefore have higher rents and no maximum household income requirement.
Housing Authority - Creighton Storey Homes is located at 158 3Rd Ave Ste 1 in Second Avenue - Albany, NY - Albany County and is a business specialized in Government. Housing Authority is listed in the categories Housing Authority and Administration Of Housing Programs. After you do business with Housing Authority, please leave a review to help other people and improve hubbiz. Also, don't forget to mention Hubbiz to Housing Authority. If you're in the market for a new apartment in Albany, NY, give the apartments at Creighton Storey Homes a shot.
Creighton Storey Homes provides outdoor grills around the neighborhood, so you can dine al-fresco when the weather is nice. If you have some guests over, they can easily find street parking. Residents, on the other hand, have a parking lot in the complex. Newly renovated interiors give the apartments an updated style that is sure to impress.
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Some modern authors have argued that he was not from Genoa but, instead, from the Aragon region of Spain or from Portugal. These competing hypotheses generally have been discounted by mainstream scholars. Last year, in September 2021, Jackson was accused of attempting to abduct her own children from the National Youth Advocacy Center, a protective services agency, which held emergency custody over her children, Columbus police reported.
His brother Bartolomeo ran a cartography workshop in Lisbon for at least part of his adulthood. HealthCare4PPL.com does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. The information contained in this website is only for general information purposes.
Many of the names he gave to geographical features, particularly islands, are still in use. He also gave the name indios ("Indians") to the indigenous peoples he encountered. The extent to which he was aware that the Americas were a wholly separate landmass is uncertain; he never clearly renounced his belief that he had reached the Far East.
There he encountered the Ciguayos, the only natives who offered violent resistance during this voyage. The Ciguayos refused to trade the amount of bows and arrows that Columbus desired; in the ensuing clash one Ciguayo was stabbed in the buttocks and another wounded with an arrow in his chest. Because of these events, Columbus called the inlet the Golfo de Las Flechas . He planned to first sail to the Canary Islands before continuing west with the northeast trade wind. Part of the return to Spain would require traveling against the wind using an arduous sailing technique called beating, during which progress is made very slowly.
From the 1990s onward, a narrative of Columbus being responsible for the genocide of indigenous peoples and environmental destruction began to compete with the then predominant discourse of Columbus as Christ-bearer, scientist, or father of America. This narrative features the negative effects of Columbus' conquests on native populations. Exposed to Old World diseases, the indigenous populations of the New World collapsed, and were largely replaced by Europeans and Africans, who brought with them new methods of farming, business, governance, and religious worship.
However, the growth is not enough to offset higher mortgage rates at 7.4% and the increase in home prices. The shifts create a “trifecta of budget barriers,” especially for first-time homebuyers. “With mortgage rates continuing to climb as the Fed navigates the economy to a soft-ish landing, higher costs will lead to fewer closings, but that doesn’t mean home buying will stop entirely in 2023,” Hale said. Perched on a raised lot this home features a rare wrap-around porch which leads to stately double front doors.
To commemorate the 400th anniversary of the landing of Columbus, the 1893 World's Fair in Chicago was named the World's Columbian Exposition. The U.S. Postal Service issued the first U.S. commemorative stamps, the Columbian Issue, depicting Columbus, Queen Isabella and others in various stages of his several voyages. Several monuments commemorating the "discovery" were erected in cities such as Palos, Barcelona, Granada, Madrid, Salamanca, Valladolid and Seville in the years around the 400th anniversary. In June 2003, DNA samples were taken from these remains as well as those of Columbus's brother Diego and younger son Fernando.
In the 19th century, amid a revival of interest in Norse culture, Carl Christian Rafn and Benjamin Franklin DeCosta wrote works establishing that the Norse had preceded Columbus in colonizing the Americas. Following this, in 1874 Rasmus Bjørn Anderson argued that Columbus must have known of the North American continent before he started his voyage of discovery. Most modern scholars doubt Columbus had knowledge of the Norse settlements in America, with his arrival to the continent being most likely an independent discovery.
According to Morison, Columbus's success in utilizing the trade winds might owe significantly to luck. The diseases that devastated the Native Americans came in multiple waves at different times, sometimes as much as centuries apart, which would mean that survivors of one disease may have been killed by others, preventing the population from recovering. Historian David Stannard describes the depopulation of the indigenous Americans as "neither inadvertent nor inevitable," saying it was the result of both disease and intentional genocide. Making observations with a quadrant on his third voyage, Columbus inaccurately measured the polar radius of the North Star's diurnal motion to be five degrees, double the value of another erroneous reading he had made from further north.
The fleet then sailed to the islands of Chacachacare and Margarita, reaching the latter on 14 August, and sighted Tobago and Grenada from afar, according to some scholars. The fleet called at Madeira and the Canary Islands, where it divided in two, with three ships heading for Hispaniola and the other three vessels, commanded by Columbus, sailing south to the Cape Verde Islands and then westward across the Atlantic. It is probable that this expedition was intended at least partly to confirm rumors of a large continent south of the Caribbean Sea, that is, South America. In October, Florentine merchant Gianotto Berardi, who had won the contract to provision the fleet of Columbus's second voyage and to supply the colony on Hispaniola, received almost 40,000 maravedís worth of enslaved Indians.
Most of our team members have the Military Relocation Professional designation. The data relating to real estate for sale on this web site comes in part from the Broker Reciprocity Program of GAMLS. All real estate listings are marked with the GAMLS Broker Reciprocity thumbnail logo and detailed information about them includes the name of the listing brokers. The broker providing these data believes them to be correct, but advises interested parties to confirm them before relying on them in a purchase decision. When thinking of cities in the United States, everyone thinks of New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago to name a few. As the 14th largest city in America and the unrivaled largest city in the state of Ohio, this Midwestern gem is home to the Buckeyes, budding businesses, and a brilliant real estate market that’s becoming more valuable by the day.
After a two-day standoff, the prisoners were released, and Columbus again set sail for Spain. In Columbus's letter on the first voyage, published following his first return to Spain, he claimed that he had reached Asia, as previously described by Marco Polo and other Europeans. Over his subsequent voyages, Columbus refused to acknowledge that the lands he visited and claimed for Spain were not part of Asia, in the face of mounting evidence to the contrary. This might explain, in part, why the American continent was named after the Florentine explorer Amerigo Vespucci—who received credit for recognizing it as a "New World"—and not after Columbus.
People seem to love that part of town as it has easy access back into Columbus and yet feels a little more rural and laid back. Fort Benning is the largest employer for the Columbus GA area and as a consequence drives a lot of the demand for homes for sale. We are very adept at working with Military families and VA mortgages and understand the needs involved with PCS moves to and from Fort Benning.
To effectively make the return voyage, Columbus would need to follow the curving trade winds northeastward to the middle latitudes of the North Atlantic, where he would be able to catch the "westerlies" that blow eastward to the coast of Western Europe. Based on his sources, Columbus estimated a distance of 2,400 nmi (4,400 km; 2,800 mi) from the Canary Islands west to Japan; the actual distance is 10,600 nmi (19,600 km; 12,200 mi). No ship in the 15th century could have carried enough food and fresh water for such a long voyage, and the dangers involved in navigating through the uncharted ocean would have been formidable. Most European navigators reasonably concluded that a westward voyage from Europe to Asia was unfeasible. The Catholic Monarchs, however, having completed the Reconquista, an expensive war against the Moors in the Iberian Peninsula, were eager to obtain a competitive edge over other European countries in the quest for trade with the Indies.
Kris Lane disputes whether it is appropriate to use the term "genocide" when the atrocities were not Columbus's intent, but resulted from his decrees, family business goals, and negligence. Historians have traditionally argued that Columbus remained convinced until his death that his journeys had been along the east coast of Asia as he originally intended (excluding arguments such as Anderson's). On his third voyage he briefly referred to South America as a "hitherto unknown" continent, while also rationalizing that it was the "Earthly Paradise" located "at the end of the Orient".
On St. Croix, Columbus's friend Michele da Cuneo—according to his own account—kept an indigenous woman he captured, whom Columbus "gave to ", then brutally raped her. The punishment for an indigenous person, aged 14 and older, failing to pay a hawk's bell, or cascabela, worth of gold dust every six months (based on Bartolomé de las Casas's account) was cutting off the hands of those without tokens, often leaving them to bleed to death. Columbus had an economic interest in the enslavement of the Hispaniola natives and for that reason was not eager to baptize them, which attracted criticism from some churchmen. Consuelo Varela, a Spanish historian who has seen Bobadilla's report, states that "Columbus's government was characterized by a form of tyranny. Even those who loved him had to admit the atrocities that had taken place."
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He renewed his effort to get supplies to Columbus, and was working to organize a fleet when he suddenly died in December. On 10 March 1496, having been away about 30 months, the fleet departed La Isabela. On 8 June the crew sighted land somewhere between Lisbon and Cape St. Vincent, and disembarked in Cádiz on 11 June. On 13 January 1493, Columbus made his last stop of this voyage in the Americas, in the Bay of Rincón in northeast Hispaniola.
Columbus's name was given to the newly born Republic of Colombia in the early 19th century, inspired by the political project of "Colombeia" developed by revolutionary Francisco de Miranda, which was put at the service of the emancipation of continental Hispanic America. In the April 1492 "Capitulations of Santa Fe", King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella promised Columbus that if he succeeded he would be given the rank of Admiral of the Ocean Sea and appointed Viceroy and Governor of all the new lands he might claim for Spain. He had the right to nominate three persons, from whom the sovereigns would choose one, for any office in the new lands. He would be entitled to 10% of all the revenues from the new lands in perpetuity. He also would have the option of buying one-eighth interest in any commercial venture in the new lands, and receive one-eighth of the profits.
People seem to love that part of town as it has easy access back into Columbus and yet feels a little more rural and laid back. Fort Benning is the largest employer for the Columbus GA area and as a consequence drives a lot of the demand for homes for sale. We are very adept at working with Military families and VA mortgages and understand the needs involved with PCS moves to and from Fort Benning.
The 1st floor features a cook's kitchen open to a breakfast room w/ natural light, mudroom, 1/2 bathroom, living room w/ adjacent entertainment kitchen, family room, dining room, & office w/ 3 walls of windows. Journey upstairs to the 2nd floor where you will find the owner's suite w/ 3 walk-in closets, cedar sauna & bathroom w/ heated floors, claw foot soaking tub & shower. There are 3 additional bathrooms on the 2nd floor and 3 bedrooms (one of which has a hidden closet behind a built-in bookcase). The home has front & back staircases, 3 fireplaces & a children's play house w/ slate roof. Ferdinand later claimed credit for being "the principal cause why those islands were discovered."
From the 1990s onward, a narrative of Columbus being responsible for the genocide of indigenous peoples and environmental destruction began to compete with the then predominant discourse of Columbus as Christ-bearer, scientist, or father of America. This narrative features the negative effects of Columbus' conquests on native populations. Exposed to Old World diseases, the indigenous populations of the New World collapsed, and were largely replaced by Europeans and Africans, who brought with them new methods of farming, business, governance, and religious worship.
This led to a protracted series of legal disputes known as the pleitos colombinos ("Columbian lawsuits"). The two earliest published copies of Columbus's letter on the first voyage aboard the Niña were donated in 2017 by the Jay I. Kislak Foundation to the University of Miami library in Coral Gables, Florida, where they are housed. Columbus therefore estimated the size of the Earth to be about 75% of Eratosthenes's calculation, and the distance westward from the Canary Islands to the Indies as only 68 degrees, equivalent to 3,080 nmi (5,700 km; 3,540 mi) (a 58% margin of error). His expeditions were the first known European contact with the Caribbean, Central America, and South America. Columbus' home is a crossword puzzle clue that we have spotted over 20 times. This home-health data was updated by using the dataset publicized on Oct 26th, 2022 by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services .
There, the Santa María ran aground on 25 December 1492 and had to be abandoned. The wreck was used as a target for cannon fire to impress the native peoples. Columbus was received by the native cacique Guacanagari, who gave him permission to leave some of his men behind. Columbus left 39 men, including the interpreter Luis de Torres, and founded the settlement of La Navidad, in present-day Haiti. He kept sailing along the northern coast of Hispaniola with a single ship until he encountered Pinzón and the Pinta on 6 January. Columbus made three further voyages to the Americas, exploring the Lesser Antilles in 1493, Trinidad and the northern coast of South America in 1498, and the eastern coast of Central America in 1502.
To commemorate the 400th anniversary of the landing of Columbus, the 1893 World's Fair in Chicago was named the World's Columbian Exposition. The U.S. Postal Service issued the first U.S. commemorative stamps, the Columbian Issue, depicting Columbus, Queen Isabella and others in various stages of his several voyages. Several monuments commemorating the "discovery" were erected in cities such as Palos, Barcelona, Granada, Madrid, Salamanca, Valladolid and Seville in the years around the 400th anniversary. In June 2003, DNA samples were taken from these remains as well as those of Columbus's brother Diego and younger son Fernando.
He moved to Segovia on a mule by early 1506, and, on the occasion of the wedding of King Ferdinand with Germaine of Foix in Valladolid, Spain, in March 1506, Columbus moved to that city to persist with his demands. As soon as his ships anchored in Almirante Bay, Columbus encountered Ngäbe people in canoes who were wearing gold ornaments. In January 1503, he established a garrison at the mouth of the Belén River.
He married Felipa Perestrello e Moniz, daughter of Bartolomeu Perestrello, a Portuguese nobleman of Lombard origin, who had been the donatary captain of Porto Santo. Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services regularly gathers feedback information from patients about their experiences with a certain home health agency. In the survey, the patients shares their feelings about services they received, and whether they would recommend the agency to someone else. This information is also very helpful to the agency, telling the agency where to focus their improvement efforts for better health care and services. Use our state-of-the-art property search, including an interactive map search, to find homes for sale in Columbus, GA. These listings are updated daily from the MLS.
Furthermore, the inscription identifying the subject as Columbus was probably added later, and the face shown differs from that of other images. British historian Basil Davidson has dubbed Columbus the "father of the slave trade", citing the fact that the first license to ship enslaved Africans to the Caribbean was issued by the Catholic Monarchs in 1501 to the first royal governor of Hispaniola, Nicolás de Ovando. Columbus Lighthouse, a Museum and Mausoleum in homage to Christopher Columbus in Santo Domingo. The American Columbus myth was reconfigured later in the century when he was enlisted as an ethnic hero by immigrants to the United States who were not of Anglo-Saxon stock, such as Jewish, Italian, and Irish people, who claimed Columbus as a sort of ethnic founding father. Catholics unsuccessfully tried to promote him for canonization in the 19th century. In the first century after his endeavors, Columbus's figure largely languished in the backwaters of history, and his reputation was beset by his failures as a colonial administrator.
Contemporary descriptions of Columbus, including those by his son Fernando and Bartolomé de las Casas, describe him as taller than average, with light skin , blue or hazel eyes, high cheekbones and freckled face, an aquiline nose, and blond to reddish hair and beard . One Spanish commentator described his eyes using the word garzos, now usually translated as "light blue", but it seems to have indicated light grey-green or hazel eyes to Columbus's contemporaries. Although an abundance of artwork depicts Christopher Columbus, no authentic contemporary portrait is known. The Boal Mansion Museum, founded in 1951, contains a collection of materials concerning later descendants of Columbus and collateral branches of the family. It features a 16th-century chapel from a Spanish castle reputedly owned by Diego Colón which became the residence of Columbus's descendants. The chapel interior was dismantled and moved from Spain in 1909 and re-erected on the Boal estate at Boalsburg, Pennsylvania.
This was out of a desire to develop a national history and founding myth with fewer ties to Britain. His name was the basis for the female national personification of the United States, Columbia, in use since the 1730s with reference to the original Thirteen Colonies, and also a historical name applied to the Americas and to the New World. The federal capital was named for her, as well as Columbia, South Carolina, and Columbia Rediviva, the ship for which the Columbia River was named.
The navigational technique for travel in the Atlantic appears to have been exploited first by the Portuguese, who referred to it as the volta do mar ('turn of the sea'). Through his marriage to his first wife, Felipa Perestrello, Columbus had access to the nautical charts and logs that had belonged to her deceased father, Bartolomeu Perestrello, who had served as a captain in the Portuguese navy under Prince Henry the Navigator. By sailing due west from the Canary Islands during hurricane season, skirting the so-called horse latitudes of the mid-Atlantic, he risked being becalmed and running into a tropical cyclone, both of which he avoided by chance.
Columbus entrusted his older, legitimate son Diego to take care of Beatriz and pay the pension set aside for her following his death, but Diego was negligent in his duties. Columbus's early life is obscure, but scholars believe he was born in the Republic of Genoa between 25 August and 31 October 1451. His father was Domenico Colombo, a wool weaver who worked in Genoa and Savona and who also owned a cheese stand at which young Christopher worked as a helper. He had three brothers—Bartolomeo, Giovanni Pellegrino, and Giacomo —as well as a sister named Bianchinetta.
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